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Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a common and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect both men and women. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of breast cancer is crucial for early detection and successful treatment. Here are some key indicators to be aware of:
- Lump or Thickening: The most common symptom is the presence of a painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue, which may be felt during self-examination.
- Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Any noticeable changes in the size or shape of the breast, or a sudden asymmetry between the two breasts, can be concerning.
- Skin Changes: Look out for skin changes such as dimpling, redness, puckering, or the development of an orange peel-like texture, which may indicate an underlying issue.
- Nipple Changes: Changes in the nipple, including retraction (turning inward), discharge (other than breast milk), or an ulceration, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
- Breast Pain: While breast pain is not always a sign of cancer, persistent, unexplained discomfort or tenderness should be assessed.
- Swelling: Swelling or a lump in the armpit or around the collarbone can be a sign that breast cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
- Nipple Rash: A scaly or crusted rash around the nipple or areola may be indicative of a rare form of breast cancer known as Paget's disease.
It's essential to remember that not all breast lumps are cancerous, but any concerning changes should be promptly discussed with a healthcare provider. Regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are key components of early detection and improved outcomes in breast cancer cases. Early diagnosis and treatment offer the best chances of successful recovery.
About Breast Cancer - Signs and Symptoms | NHS
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the UK. It develops from breast tissue cells and can affect both men and women, although it is significantly more common in women. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes, making awareness of its signs and symptoms essential.
Recognising the Signs and Symptoms
Being familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel can help you detect any changes early. Common signs and symptoms of breast cancer include:
Lumps and Thickening
The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or thickened area in the breast, particularly if it is only in one breast. While most breast lumps are not cancerous, it is important to have any unusual lumps checked by a healthcare professional.
Changes in Size, Shape, or Feel
Alterations in the size, shape, or feel of a breast can also signal breast cancer. This may include swelling in one breast, visible distortion, or a feeling of heaviness. Any noticeable change should prompt further investigation.
Skin Changes
Breast cancer can cause changes to the skin, such as dimpling, puckering, redness, or an orange-peel texture. Another sign can be a rash or crusting around the nipple area.
Nipple Changes
Unexplained changes in the nipple, including discharge (which may be bloodstained), inversion (turning inwards), or an unusual appearance, can be indicators of breast cancer and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Additional Signs
Less commonly, breast cancer can cause symptoms such as swelling or a lump in the armpit, shoulder pain, or persistent breast pain that does not change with your menstrual cycle.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, it is crucial to visit your GP as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment vastly improve the chances of successful treatment. Screening programs, such as the NHS Breast Screening Programme, can also aid in early detection for women aged 50 and above.
For more detailed information and support, consult the NHS website or speak to your healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the common symptoms of breast cancer?
Common symptoms of breast cancer include a lump or area of thickened tissue in the breast, a change in the size or shape of one or both breasts, and discharge from your nipples that may be streaked with blood.
What should I do if I find a lump in my breast?
If you find a lump in your breast, it's important to see your GP as soon as possible for further evaluation. Most breast lumps are not cancerous, but it’s important to get them checked.
Can men get breast cancer?
Yes, men can get breast cancer, although it is much less common than in women. Men should be aware of changes in their breast tissue and seek medical advice if any symptoms occur.
What are the less common signs of breast cancer?
Less common signs of breast cancer include a rash around the nipple, dimpling of the skin on the breast, and an inverted nipple. There may also be swelling in the armpit area.
Is pain a common symptom of breast cancer?
Most breast cancers are not painful. However, pain or tenderness in the breast can be a symptom of breast cancer in some cases.
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations, mammograms, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Your GP may refer you to a specialist for further tests.
What is a mammogram?
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect abnormalities. It can help identify breast cancer in its early stages before physical symptoms develop.
Are there screening programs for breast cancer in the UK?
Yes, in the UK, women aged 50 to 70 are invited for a routine mammogram every three years as part of the NHS Breast Screening Programme.
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Risk factors for breast cancer include age, family history, genetic mutations, hormone replacement therapy, being overweight or obese, and alcohol consumption, among others.
Can breast cancer be inherited?
Yes, certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of breast cancer and may be inherited. Genetic testing is available for those with a significant family history.
What treatment options are available for breast cancer?
Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer.
What is the importance of early detection in breast cancer?
Early detection of breast cancer increases the chances of successful treatment and survival. Regular screening and being aware of the signs and symptoms are crucial.
Can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of breast cancer?
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet, can help reduce the risk of breast cancer.
What should I expect during a breast cancer screening?
During a breast cancer screening, a mammogram will be performed. This involves compressing each breast between two X-ray plates to take detailed images. It may be slightly uncomfortable but only lasts a few minutes.
How often should I check my breasts for signs of cancer?
It's recommended to check your breasts regularly, at least once a month. Become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel so you can identify any changes quickly.
Useful Links
Useful links from: I've found a lump in my breast - What happens next? The breast diagnostic clinic
- NHS - Breast cancer in women Provides comprehensive information on breast cancer, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and what to expect at the breast clinic.
- NHS - Breast screening Details about the NHS breast screening program, including who is eligible, how the screening is done, and what the results mean.
- Breast Cancer Now - What to expect at a breast clinic appointment Offers detailed information on what happens at a breast clinic appointment, including the types of tests and examinations that may be performed.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Tests for breast cancer Provides an overview of the various tests that may be conducted to diagnose breast cancer, with explanations of each procedure.
Useful links from: Treating breast pain | United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
- NHS - Breast Pain (Mastalgia) Provides detailed information on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for breast pain, including self-care tips and when to seek medical help.
- Breast Cancer Now - Breast Pain Offers comprehensive guidance on understanding breast pain, potential causes, and how to manage it, along with information on related breast conditions.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Breast Pain Macmillan Cancer Support provides resources and support for those experiencing breast pain, including symptom management and advice on when to see a doctor.
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust - Breast Care Information on breast care services provided by the United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, including advice on managing breast pain and accessing specialist care.
Useful links from: Breast cancer: testing and treatment | NHS
- NHS - Breast cancer NHS overview page on breast cancer, including information on symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and living with breast cancer.
- NHS - Breast cancer - Diagnosis Information from the NHS on the various tests and procedures used to diagnose breast cancer, including mammograms, ultrasounds, and biopsies.
- Breast Cancer Now - Treatment for breast cancer Comprehensive guide from Breast Cancer Now on the treatment options available for breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Breast cancer Resourceful guide from Macmillan Cancer Support providing information on breast cancer, including symptoms, stages, diagnosis, treatments, and support options.
Useful links from: I've found a lump in my breast - What happens next? The breast diagnostic clinic
- NHS - Breast Cancer Overview Information from the NHS on the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.
- NHS - Breast Lumps Guidance from the NHS on what steps to take if you find a lump in your breast and when to see a GP.
- Breast Cancer Now - Your Breast Clinic Appointment Breast Cancer Now provides information on what to expect at your breast clinic appointment and the diagnosis process.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Breast Lumps Macmillan Cancer Support offers advice on breast lumps, including potential causes and the steps for diagnosis.
Useful links from: Tower Hamlets breast screening programme
- NHS Breast Screening Programme Official NHS page providing extensive information on the breast screening programme, its importance, procedures, and how to book an appointment.
- Tower Hamlets NHS Breast Screening Barts Health NHS Trust resource page dedicated to breast screening services in Tower Hamlets, including details on the local screening unit and contact information.
- Breast Cancer Now UK-based charity offering information and support on breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and what to expect from the screening process.
- Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust - Breast Screening Section Although primarily focused on cervical cancer, this UK charity provides useful information on breast screening as part of their broader women's health resources.
Useful links from: Other Things You Need to Know About Breast Screening
- NHS - Breast Screening Official NHS page providing comprehensive information on breast screening, including the process, benefits, and how to get screened.
- Breast Cancer Now - Breast Screening Breast Cancer Now's in-depth guide on breast screening, including eligibility, the screening process, and follow-up procedures.
- Breast Cancer UK - Breast Screening Information from Breast Cancer UK about reducing breast cancer risk and the importance of regular breast screening.
- Macmillan Cancer Support - Breast Cancer Screening Macmillan Cancer Support's resources for understanding breast cancer screening and its role in early detection and treatment.
Useful links from: Breasts and Mastitis
- NHS - Breastfeeding and Mastitis NHS page providing information on mastitis, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
- NHS - Breast Pain NHS page offering comprehensive information on breast pain, including types, causes, and when to seek medical advice.
- Breast Cancer Now - Breast Cancer and Breast Health UK charity Breast Cancer Now provides detailed information on breast cancer, breast health, and related conditions.
- La Leche League GB - Mastitis and Breastfeeding UK-based La Leche League provides support and information on breastfeeding, including managing mastitis.
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