What are the common symptoms of heart failure?

Understanding Heart Failure Symptoms

Heart failure is a serious medical condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as it should. Despite its name, heart failure doesn't mean the heart has stopped working, but it indicates a reduced capacity to meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen.

Breathlessness or Shortness of Breath

One of the hallmark symptoms of heart failure is breathlessness, also known as dyspnoea. This may occur during physical activity or even while resting, and it can become more pronounced when lying flat. The condition occurs as fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult for a person to intake enough oxygen.

Fatigue and Weakness

As the heart struggles to circulate blood effectively, muscle tissues and organs receive a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients. This results in persistent tiredness and a general sense of weakness. People with heart failure may find themselves easily exhausted and unable to perform daily activities or exercise as usual.

Swelling (Oedema)

Heart failure often leads to fluid retention, which can cause swelling in various parts of the body. This is commonly observed in the ankles, legs, and abdomen, referred to as oedema. The swelling typically increases throughout the day and may be accompanied by sudden weight gain due to fluid accumulation.

Persistent Cough or Wheezing

A dry, persistent cough or wheezing can be a symptom of heart failure. This occurs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, which irritates the airways. Sometimes people may also cough up frothy, white or pink-coloured phlegm if the condition is severe, known as pulmonary oedema.

Increased Heart Rate

The heart may try to compensate for its reduced pumping ability by beating faster. A rapid or irregular heartbeat, known as tachycardia, can occur in individuals with heart failure as the heart attempts to circulate blood more effectively throughout the body.

Lack of Appetite and Nausea

Another potential symptom of heart failure is a diminished appetite or feeling full quickly, which may be accompanied by nausea. This happens because digestion requires blood, and reduced blood flow can affect the digestive system, leading to these gastrointestinal symptoms.

Confusion and Impaired Thinking

In some cases, people with heart failure experience changes in their mental state, such as confusion or memory issues. The reduction in blood flow can affect brain function, resulting in these cognitive changes, particularly in older adults.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve quality of life and prevent further heart damage. Heart failure is a manageable condition with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments.