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Understanding Jaundice in Babies
What is Jaundice?
Jaundice is a common condition in newborns which results in yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. This occurs due to high levels of bilirubin, a substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. In most infants, a mild form of jaundice occurs after birth and goes away within a week or two without causing any problems.Causes of Jaundice in Babies
There are several causes of jaundice in babies. One of the most common is physiological jaundice, which is a normal response to the newborn’s liver maturation. Other causes can include breastfeeding jaundice, where inadequate milk intake causes dehydration and slower removal of bilirubin, and blood group incompatibility between the mother and the baby, leading to increased breakdown of red blood cells. Additionally, prematurity, infections, and genetic disorders of the liver can also result in jaundice.Symptoms and Identification
The primary symptom of jaundice is a yellow tint to the baby’s skin and eyes. This usually starts from the face and then spreads downward to the chest, belly, legs, and finally, the soles of the feet. Other symptoms might include poor feeding, lethargy, and dark, yellow urine. If the yellowing progresses to deeper parts of the body or if other concerning symptoms are present, it's important to seek medical advice promptly.Diagnosis and Treatment
In the UK, newborn jaundice is often checked before the baby leaves the hospital and again during the newborn midwife visits. Healthcare professionals will assess the baby’s bilirubin levels through a blood test or a non-invasive bilirubin meter. In most cases, jaundice disappears on its own. However, if bilirubin levels rise too high, treatment such as phototherapy (light treatment) might be needed. In severe cases, a blood transfusion might be required.Prevention and Care
For parents in the United Kingdom, ensuring that the baby feeds well in the first days of life can help lower the risk of jaundice. Breastfeeding should occur 8-12 times a day; for formula-fed babies, feeds should be every 2-3 hours. Monitoring the baby for signs of jaundice and seeking medical advice if there are any concerns is crucial. Regular check-ups with a midwife or health visitor help ensure the baby’s health is monitored efficiently. Jaundice in babies is a common and usually manageable condition, but awareness and proper care are essential. Always consult with healthcare professionals if you have any concerns regarding your baby’s health.Frequently Asked Questions
What is jaundice in babies?
Jaundice in babies is a common condition that causes the skin and whites of the eyes to turn yellow due to a high level of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
Is jaundice common in newborns?
Yes, jaundice is quite common in newborns. It typically appears during the first week of a baby's life and is usually not serious.
What causes jaundice in babies?
Jaundice in babies is usually caused by the baby's liver not being fully developed and therefore being unable to process bilirubin efficiently.
How can I tell if my baby has jaundice?
Signs of jaundice in newborns include yellowing of the skin, starting on the face and moving down the body, and yellowing of the whites of the eyes.
When should I be concerned about my baby’s jaundice?
You should seek medical advice if your baby’s jaundice appears in the first 24 hours after birth, if the yellowness spreads or becomes more intense, or if your baby seems unwell or difficult to wake.
How is jaundice in babies diagnosed?
Jaundice is often diagnosed through visual inspection by a healthcare professional. If needed, a blood test may be performed to measure bilirubin levels.
What are the treatments for jaundice in babies?
Mild jaundice often resolves on its own. More severe cases may require phototherapy, where the baby is placed under a special light that helps break down bilirubin in the skin.
How long does jaundice last in newborns?
Physiological jaundice typically lasts for about 1-2 weeks in full-term babies, while in premature babies, it can last slightly longer.
Can breastfeeding cause jaundice?
Breastfeeding can sometimes be associated with jaundice. However, breastfeeding should not be stopped as it provides essential nutrients and antibodies for the baby. Consult your healthcare provider for advice.
Is jaundice in newborns dangerous?
Most cases of jaundice in newborns are harmless. However, very high levels of bilirubin can be dangerous and require prompt treatment to prevent complications.
Can jaundice be prevented?
While it is not always possible to prevent jaundice, ensuring that your baby is feeding well and has regular bowel movements can help reduce bilirubin levels.
Do all babies get screened for jaundice?
Yes, in the UK, all newborns are routinely screened for jaundice before they leave the hospital.
What is biliblanket?
A biliblanket is a type of phototherapy device that consists of a fibre-optic blanket which can be used at home to treat jaundice by helping to break down bilirubin.
Does jaundice affect feeding or sleeping?
Jaundice itself does not usually affect feeding or sleeping, but in severe cases, it may make the baby lethargic and less interested in feeding.
Who is at higher risk for newborn jaundice?
Premature babies, babies with siblings who had jaundice, and babies of East Asian, Mediterranean, or Native American descent are at higher risk for jaundice.
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