Chronic kidney disease: What are the treatments?

Chronic Kidney Disease: Treatments

Medications

In the United Kingdom, medications are often prescribed to manage symptoms and complications associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Common medications include drugs to control blood pressure, reduce protein in the urine, and manage diabetes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used to protect kidney function by lowering blood pressure and reducing strain on the kidneys.

Dietary Changes

Diet plays a crucial role in managing CKD. A diet low in salt, potassium, and phosphorus can help maintain kidney function. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) often recommends a tailored diet plan that includes balanced protein intake, adequate hydration, and avoiding foods high in saturated fats and sugars. Consulting a dietitian specialised in kidney health can provide personalised dietary advice.

Dialysis

For advanced CKD, dialysis might be necessary. Dialysis is a procedure that performs the functions of the kidneys by filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood. There are two main types of dialysis: haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Haemodialysis involves using a machine and filter to clean the blood, while peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood inside the body.

Kidney Transplant

A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure wherein a healthy kidney from a donor is transplanted into a patient with severe kidney disease. This can greatly improve the quality of life and longevity for those with end-stage renal disease. The NHS provides access to kidney transplants, with waiting lists managed by transplant centres across the UK. Immunosuppressive medications are prescribed post-transplant to prevent the body from rejecting the new kidney.

Supportive Treatments

Managing CKD involves treating complications and improving quality of life. Alongside primary treatments, patients might require supportive care such as therapies to manage anaemia, high cholesterol, and bone disease. Psychological support and regular monitoring by healthcare professionals help in maintaining overall wellness.

Lifestyle Changes

In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle modifications are important for CKD management. Regular exercise, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight can help slow the progression of kidney disease. The NHS offers resources and programmes to support patients in making these lifestyle changes.