Migraine

A migraine is a debilitating headache disorder that is often characterized by intense, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. It can also include symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Common migraine triggers include stress, hormonal changes, certain foods and drinks (like chocolate, cheese, caffeine, and alcohol), changes in sleep patterns, and environmental factors such as bright lights and strong smells.

Migraines are typically diagnosed based on a patient's medical history, symptoms, and a physical and neurological examination. Imaging tests may be recommended to rule out other causes of headaches.

The main types of migraines include migraine with aura (previously called classic migraines), migraine without aura (common migraines), chronic migraines, and hemiplegic migraines.

Aura refers to a series of sensory disturbances that occur before a migraine attack. These can include visual changes such as flashes of light or blind spots, as well as other symptoms like tingling in the hands or face.

While migraines cannot be cured, they can be managed effectively with a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.

In the UK, medications for migraines include over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen and paracetamol, triptans for acute attacks, and preventive medications such as beta-blockers, antiepileptics, and antidepressants.

Yes, non-medication treatments for migraines include relaxation techniques, cognitive behavioural therapy, acupuncture, and biofeedback. Lifestyle modifications like maintaining a regular sleep schedule and a balanced diet can also help.

Certain foods and drinks can trigger migraines, while a balanced diet with regular meals may help prevent them. Keeping a food diary can help identify specific triggers for individuals.

Yes, stress is a common trigger for migraines. Learning stress management techniques can help reduce the frequency of migraines for some people.

Regular moderate exercise can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines for some individuals, although intense exercise may trigger migraines in others.

If you get a migraine at work, try to find a quiet, dark place to rest. If you have medication, take it as soon as symptoms begin. Inform a colleague or your manager so they are aware of your condition. Regular breaks and staying hydrated can also help manage symptoms.

Both insufficient sleep and oversleeping can trigger migraines. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and ensuring good sleep hygiene can help manage migraines.

Yes, children and teenagers can experience migraines. The symptoms may be slightly different, with more pronounced nausea and abdominal pain, but they generally require similar approaches to management and treatment.

You should see a doctor if your migraines are becoming more frequent or severe, are not relieved by over-the-counter medications, or if they are affecting your daily life. It's also important to seek medical advice if you experience symptoms like a sudden, severe headache, visual disturbances, or other unusual symptoms.