What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. Individuals with IBS often experience symptoms such as cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and constipation. While IBS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management, it does not cause changes in bowel tissue or increase the risk of colorectal cancer.

Symptoms of IBS

Symptoms of IBS can vary widely between individuals and fluctuate over time. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping, often relieved by bowel movements
• Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating between the two
• Bloating and gas
• Mucus in the stool
• An urgent need to have a bowel movement

The intensity and frequency of these symptoms can vary, making daily activities challenging for those affected.

Causes of IBS

The exact cause of IBS is not known, but several factors may contribute to its development:

• Muscle contractions in the intestines that are too strong or too weak
• Inflammation in the intestines
• Severe infection or bacterial overgrowth in the intestines
• Changes in gut bacteria
• Stress and mental health issues

Genetic predisposition and food intolerances may also play a role.

Managing IBS

Managing IBS typically involves a combination of dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle modifications tailored to alleviate specific symptoms. Doctors in the United Kingdom often recommend:

• Following a diet low in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols)
• Increasing fibre intake to ease constipation
• Using over-the-counter medications such as antispasmodics or laxatives (consult with a healthcare provider)
• Engaging in regular physical exercise
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness and yoga

It's important to work closely with a healthcare provider for a personalised treatment plan to manage IBS effectively.

Seeking Help in the UK

If you suspect you have IBS or are experiencing persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice. General Practitioners (GPs) in the UK can provide an initial assessment and refer you to a gastroenterologist if needed. The National Health Service (NHS) also offers resources and support for managing IBS. Self-help groups and organisations, such as The IBS Network, provide additional support and information for those living with this condition.