What illness does Hantavirus cause?

What illness does Hantavirus cause?

Hantavirus can cause a serious illness called hantavirus disease. In some cases, it leads to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which affects the lungs and breathing. In other cases, it can cause a kidney-related illness known as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

The exact illness depends on which type of hantavirus a person is exposed to. Different strains are found in different parts of the world. Although rare in the UK, hantavirus infections can occur and should be taken seriously.

How does it affect the body?

Hantavirus can begin with flu-like symptoms such as fever, tiredness, headache, and muscle aches. Some people may also feel sick, have stomach pain, or develop vomiting and diarrhoea. These early symptoms can make it hard to tell the illness apart from common viral infections.

In more severe cases, the virus can damage the lungs or kidneys. This may lead to breathing difficulties, low blood pressure, or problems with kidney function. If the illness progresses, it can become life-threatening and needs urgent medical care.

How do people catch it?

People usually catch hantavirus by breathing in tiny particles contaminated by infected rodent droppings, urine, or saliva. It can also spread if contaminated material gets into the eyes, nose, or mouth, or through broken skin. In rare cases, a person may be infected after being bitten by an infected rodent.

This means that cleaning out sheds, garages, lofts, or other enclosed spaces with rodent infestations can increase the risk. Activities in rural or dusty areas may also expose people to contaminated particles. Good hygiene and pest control are important ways to reduce the risk.

When should you seek help?

If someone has a fever, severe muscle aches, or breathing problems after possible rodent exposure, they should seek medical advice promptly. These symptoms should not be ignored, especially if they worsen quickly. Early treatment can make a big difference.

Emergency help is needed if there is shortness of breath, chest tightness, confusion, or signs of collapse. A doctor may ask about contact with rodents or cleaning dusty areas. Tell them about any possible exposure so the right tests can be arranged.

Can hantavirus be treated?

There is no specific cure for most hantavirus infections, but treatment is available to support the body while it fights the virus. Care may include oxygen, fluids, and close monitoring in hospital. People with severe illness may need intensive care.

Because the illness can develop quickly, prevention is especially important. Avoid disturbing rodent nests or droppings without proper precautions, and keep food and waste sealed away from pests. If you are concerned about exposure in the UK, contact a healthcare professional for advice.