What complications can arise from measles?

Introduction to Measles Complications

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease with potential for serious complications. While many people recover with no long-term issues, complications can occur. These are more common in infants, adults over 20, and those with weakened immune systems.

Understanding these complications is crucial for recognising the severity of the disease. Vaccination remains the best preventive measure against measles and its complications.

Common Complications

A frequently encountered complication is diarrhoea, which can lead to dehydration. Hospitalisation might be required, particularly for young children. Additionally, ear infections occur in about one in every ten children with measles.

Some children may experience hearing loss due to these ear infections. These complications, while usually not life-threatening, can lead to discomfort and require medical attention.

Respiratory Complications

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory complication of measles. It results from either the measles virus itself or subsequent bacterial infections. Pneumonia is the leading cause of measles-related deaths in children.

Croup and bronchitis are other respiratory complications linked to measles. These conditions can cause significant breathing difficulties and usually require medical treatment.

Neurological Complications

Measles can lead to encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain. This occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 measles cases. Symptoms include seizures, sensory deficits, and even lasting brain damage.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare complication that can occur 7 to 10 years after measles infection. It causes progressive neurological decline and is invariably fatal.

Impact on Vulnerable Populations

Pregnant women with measles face increased risks of complications. These include preterm birth, low birth weight, and miscarriage. Vaccination prior to pregnancy is key to mitigating these risks.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer, experience heightened severity of measles complications. Their health condition can significantly deteriorate, necessitating intensive medical care.

Prevention and Conclusion

Measles complications underscore the importance of vaccination. The MMR vaccine provides effective protection and is part of the NHS routine immunisation schedule. Failure to vaccinate can lead to outbreaks and increased incidence of complications.

In conclusion, while measles can be a mild illness for some, complications can pose severe health threats. Awareness and prevention through vaccination are critical to safeguarding public health.