Leukaemia: What are the signs and symptoms? | NHS

Signs and symptoms of leukaemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Symptoms of leukemia can vary depending on the type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and individual factors. Here are some common symptoms:

1. Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness that doesn't improve with rest.
2. Frequent infections: Increased susceptibility to infections due to a weakened immune system.
3. Unexplained weight loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss over a short period.
4. Fever or chills: Recurrent fever or chills without any apparent cause.
5. Easy bruising or bleeding: Excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or frequent nosebleeds.
6. Pale skin: Skin may appear paler than usual due to anemia caused by a low red blood cell count.
7. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
8. Enlarged lymph nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.
9. Swollen abdomen or spleen: Enlargement of the abdomen or spleen, which may cause discomfort or a feeling of fullness.
10. Bone pain or tenderness: Pain or tenderness in the bones, joints, or abdomen.
11. Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches, sometimes accompanied by vision problems.
12. Night sweats: Profuse sweating, particularly at night, unrelated to temperature or activity level.
13. Frequent urination: Increased need to urinate, especially at night.
14. Difficulty concentrating or memory problems: Cognitive difficulties such as trouble concentrating, memory loss, or confusion.
15. Rash or spots: Unexplained rash, tiny red spots (petechiae), or purplish patches (ecchymosis) on the skin.

It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions, so if you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to see a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Additionally, leukemia can sometimes be present without causing any noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages, which underscores the importance of regular medical check-ups and screenings.

Leukaemia: Signs and Symptoms

Understanding Leukaemia

Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. It leads to the production of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out normal blood cells and impede their function. This information is intended for readers in the United Kingdom with guidance from the NHS.

Common Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of leukaemia can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Here are some common indicators:

Fatigue and Weakness

Persistent fatigue and general weakness are common symptoms of leukaemia. These symptoms arise because the body’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells is hampered, leading to anaemia.

Frequent Infections

Leukaemia can impair the immune system. Individuals may notice they are getting more frequent or severe infections, such as frequent fevers, colds, or respiratory infections.

Unexplained Bruising and Bleeding

Easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin) can be signs of leukaemia due to a reduced number of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swelling of the lymph nodes, typically in the neck, armpit, or groin, can be a sign. This swelling is generally painless.

Bone and Joint Pain

Some people with leukaemia may experience pain or tenderness in bones or joints due to the overcrowding of abnormal cells in the bone marrow.

Night Sweats and Fever

Persistent night sweats and unexplained fevers are also common symptoms. These symptoms can be linked to the body’s response to the cancer cells.

Unintended Weight Loss

A significant and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of leukaemia. The body uses more energy than usual fight the disease, leading to weight loss.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you have several symptoms of leukaemia or any concerns about your health, it’s crucial to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the best outcomes.

Conclusion

Recognising the signs and symptoms of leukaemia can help in early detection and treatment. For more information or if you have concerns, consult with a healthcare professional or visit the NHS website.