HIV and pregnancy | NHS

HIV and Pregnancy: Understanding the Key Aspects

What is HIV?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial in defending against infections. If untreated, HIV can lead to the disease known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), where the immune system becomes severely compromised. Proper treatment can significantly reduce the risk of HIV evolving into AIDS.

HIV and Pregnancy

Pregnancy can be a complex period for women living with HIV, but with proper medical care, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be greatly minimized, allowing for a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Pregnant women with HIV should access specialized care to manage their health and reduce transmission risks to the baby.

Testing for HIV in Pregnancy

In the UK, it is standard practice to offer an HIV test to all pregnant women during their antenatal care. This ensures early detection of the virus, allowing for timely intervention. Early testing and diagnosis are crucial as they enable healthcare providers to devise an appropriate treatment plan to protect both the mother and the child.

Treatment and Management

Effective treatment for HIV during pregnancy involves the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART reduces the viral load in the mother’s blood, lowering the risk of transmitting the virus to the baby during pregnancy, labour, and breastfeeding. Regular monitoring and adherence to the prescribed ART regimen are essential for the health of both mother and child.

Delivery and Postnatal Care

The mode of delivery can influence the risk of HIV transmission. Planned caesarean sections might be recommended in some cases to further minimize the risk. After birth, the baby will be given antiretroviral medicine for a few weeks to prevent infection. Regular follow-ups and testing for the baby will continue to ensure their health and HIV status.

Support and Resources

The NHS provides comprehensive support for HIV-positive pregnant women, including access to specialist services and counselling. Charitable organizations and support groups are also available to offer emotional and practical assistance. It’s important for women to connect with these resources to ensure they have the support they need throughout their pregnancy and beyond.

Conclusion

With timely intervention and proper medical care, women living with HIV can have healthy pregnancies and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to their babies. The NHS provides essential services and support to ensure that HIV-positive pregnant women receive the best possible care to safeguard their health and that of their children.